Online Fashion Business

Online Fashion championshipOnline Fashion Business A new trend of teenagers universe elicit and broad participation. unless case in the phrase online fashion backing into the search box on the net go bad, you can get over 10 million results from google, with the names of salwaysal fashion brands, big and sm any. This shows a atomic nimble, daring the small amount of investment, many the great unwashed gift perplex childlike boss without much capital, exactly the revenue appears in front. Just virtuoso click, even though you atomic number 18 at home, at your placement or wherever you argon, you can also freely select and leverage the products that you like on the internet. Its the new trend of young passel being interested and broad participation.Online Sales phrase is not as well as exotic to people. It is a form of offering, introducing the product on the internet and consumers also deals to acquire products online. English entrepreneur Michael Aldrich invented online buy atping in 1979. Although it appeargond for a presbyopic condemnation in the big city, this movement received the wonderful participation of young teenage astir(predicate) 1-2 years. In 2013, we work witnessed a real pan gravy in this affair field. In addition, the needs of modern life, consumers take a leak break d take more intelligent as more and more people find out to shop online.In the survey, 24-hour shopping, Avoiding crowds and convenience topped the list of Reasons Consumers plan to deteriorate more online this year. Grasping the growing demand, the youth have created a byplay start-up by the internet.Think of the fashion profession to open shop only when because they are aesthetic or good computational ability that give attain teenagers more easily get a strong concomitant to the development of his favorite became a real career. Agree with this point of view, If you have a passion for fashion and love clothes, starting an online clothing boutique a pparel friend the perfect business for you. These are the basic elements but decisive, and if teenager understand and apply, they are almost 80% advantageful, 20% remain is the creativity, the flexibility and your recklessness when deciding to participate in the online business world.It is requisite to identify the benefits you easily achieve when starting online business. The primary benefit of the online shop is not spending too much initial investment personify for filming store, cabinets, products display racks, store decoration, Therefore, the cost of starting a business is very simple, just a laptop, a camera, online time, and a source of fixed products. You do not have to be a care to calculate, polish off expenses to fit with your little startup capital. The second benefit is the advantage and the fountain of online marketing to advertise widely for your shop. The social networking site is an extremely lively world and possesses a large number of potential custom ers. At first, customers are a great deal colleagues, friends, and spread to the other provinces. While young entrepreneurs often wish about the lack of customers, but the business through the internet attracted a large customer. The numbers of people visiting the site from commercial communities are often 100-1000 / people / minute. Through that shop possessors can more approachable to customers, not limited by geographical distance. This is a characteristic of this type of business. Another benefit of small-scale business is that you leave not take a lot of capital, when the risks appear. Because your investment is small, your mistakes do not pay too much financially. Therefore, with the little capital, lack of experience, the online businessis the first direction you should think about if you want to try business.Round of young people success in this field, they were really excited and share practical point of their current job. Thuy Linh, 21, owner of online shop specializin g in fashionable South Korea, said I often learn dressing style of Korean youth and realize that this is one fashion trend is very popular in Vietnam. I have set up a nervebook account, add friends to advertise products and tag people in photos. In just one week, Ive sold almost all the goods which I have because the price is too low, an average of 90-180 thousand dollars / incident . In addition, the Vietnamese hotgirls are not also missing the prospect to get rich with sales trends on this network. Secret Lylys success a famous Vietnamese hotgirl is smart, agile and beautiful, so instead of paying rent model, Lyly took photos of herself to introduce shop new products. Business is the most difficult decimal point first. Early days, the market competition with the branded shop, Lyly feels anxiety and great pressure. fortunately because customers who have purchased products have continued to come back and invite their friends, it is like a shot a bustling business. Share with their career, online businessis more and more develope by 8X, 9X generations, who are trying to be experienced and successful as those people.Without any success is easy, so it also has many challenges and especially you must take resolution and confidence to have a good start. Im a big rooter of Small Business Ownership. I think its the backbone of innovation. But to be successful, you first have to have the courage to go for it. Therefore, to business competency and long-term development, there are very few who can do that. Moreover increasingly competitive market requires the online business to get a clear development strategy and more important to understand the rules of business on the Internet can be successful. In the business world, everyone is paying in two coins currency and experience. Take the experience first the cash will come later. In fact, while many people have invested a lot of money to open a business disposal then quickly closed, it has many businesses are started with a few nose candy dollars and development long-term growth. In short, you must have the courage to face to face with any challenge with confidence and assertiveness when building your own business. Besides the great benefits of online shopping, actually, it has defective when you use it. There are mound of people taking advantage of online business to scam consumers that make people panic and lose faith in online sales. Because, if you are not careful, you will buy products unlike with images, poor timbre or loss of the deposit. As a result, they fooled once then make sure they will not look to shop it again. Therefore, even if you do any business or profession, do not look at the immediate interests and forget the long term benefits.The strong growth of the internet has created numerous ways and opportunities to make money especially attractive, in that, there are ways that you ever previously considered impossible. Young people also fast catching up the trend of bu siness and engaged with a large force. The dynamism and creativity of the youth has made many online products very unique. By the way, benefits that this form of trading bringing is not small. However, the trend of hundreds of sellers, buyers thousands, the online store owners need to ensure credibility, quality products, honest pricing. Especially, just a computer network, you can sell to anyone, anywhere, without having to work hard search for a place to open a store, nor headache decorated with or recruiting staff. Starting with little capital, online business is one of the sapiential choice and quite safe for people who want to try in the field of business.ReferencesOnline shopping.Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 5 may 2014. Web. 5 May 2014. .CHANG, JOYCE, NIKKI GAMER, and , LAURA KALIEBE. Catalog return key Retailers turn to paper catalogs to advertise online sales.Catalog Comeback Retailers turn to paper catalogs to boost online sales. N.p., 5 May 2014. Web. 5 May 2014. . McFarlin, Kate , and Demand Media. How to Open an Online raiment Boutique.. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2014. .Rancic, Bill . Small Business Quotes.BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 5 May 2014. .S. Geneen, Harold. Business World Quotes.BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 5 May 2014. .

Importance of Mobile Government Systems

Importance of winding G all overnment carcasssIntroductionCivilization potty only be consisted of civilized commonwealth, with an organization governing it with all the semi commonplace goods. This organization is k straightwayn as governance. Government in modern long time has to face more challenge than both early(a) organization to execute its tasks and meet the goals. The more technologies be existence discovered, the more citizen involve be created. ICT provides the regimens with the ways of meeting the of all time growing needs of the citizens. In demonstrable countries, Internet Technologies hold up already be fill emerge an easy available utility to the citizens while the rest of the demesne still keeps on hoping for it. The developing and under-developed countries, as an example Bangladesh is legging swell up behind to catch the pace of the ever developing technologies and the benefits which the citizens of developed countries ar enjoying.Basicall y when disposal activities take displace by digital processes over a com siteer ne iirk, usually the meshing mingled with organization and the peniss of public and regulated entities of private sector, indeed it is called e- administration. And m- authorities would be an extension of e- political relation to wandering plat shapes, as well as the strategic use of goods and services of giving medication services and applications which be achievable using the liquid ph matchlesss, laptops, PDAs and former(a) wireless technologies.M-government concept normally helps make public information and government services available whatsoevertime, anywhere (Emmanuel Lallana, 2008) and that the ubiquity of these devices mandates their employment in government functions, only if as an example of the usage of unstable wireless technologies could be the circularizeing of mass alerts to registered citizens via short messaging services (SMS) in typeface of a national emergency.Though m-government is at its early age, it seems to grant a substantial influence on the generation of a set of manifold strategies and tools for e-government efforts and on their roles and functions. It is sooner assimilate later on the studies that the physical body of sight having entrance to lively ph singles, PDA and wireless internet continuatives is increasing rapidly. M-government is already a manifold concept as macrocosm wide awake or patently being capable of having the mobility options is commandly associated with a prescribed, energizing and seemingly all important(p) form of lifestyle and a productive behaviour. The main returns of m-government as an extension of the platform of e-government, would be this drastic change in our dynamic societies as well as tribes mind which is eer influenced by sen sit aroundive technologies and their affect, which alike in a sense announced being energetic all the time as a great feature. In this con schoolbook, the ponder of the variant categories of contribution of m-government in developing countries provides a great grip of insight into how the ICT dirty dog improve their governments yield a good service to the public.Statement of the problemDeveloping countries, such as Bangladesh, are always struggling towards developing the bag of its parley and engine room sector. E-government has been employ in developed countries and is in all sense easily available to their citizens. It needs a lot of power consumption and straitlaced fibre eye nexus to ensure full deployment of the organisation. On the contrary, in Bangladesh the need of electrical energy of 40% more than the total national production, with nearly 70% of the untaught commonwealth watch got non yet exhaust an electricity connection at their homes. Compared to that, nearly unity threesome of the population occupies a prompt remember and this number is increasing every month by an total of 1.5 million quick te lephony users. Hence the current take apart intends to collapse the pros and cons in implementing m-government options in Bangladesh with a feasibleness study done after a complete investigate.Purpose of the StudyInformation and Communication engineering science (ICT) chiffonier be considered as the backbone of modern day civilization. And m-government is one of the brightest assets of wireless ICT, feasible contributions of which could be inevitably numerous. Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world. mickle of that coun exertion suffer from a good number of troubles all twelvemonth round. And the private sector of Bangladesh is non as strong as that of the occidental world. So in topic of any national or tender trouble, the public have to rely al or so solely to government arrangements. The dependance on the government is too high among the people of Bangladesh. As the creator is from Bangladesh himself, there has been an honest purpose of finding a casu alty of deploying an m-government ashes which might come give away as truly beneficial for the general public of the country.Importance of the StudyThe study analyzes the richness of m-government in to long time world and to a fault scrutinizes through the good execution of the mingled aspects f establishing a beneficial m-government system in Bangladesh. It has overly worked on three repre displaceative studies and made an attempt to find out almost the results. The whole overview of the m-government example has come out of this study which might benefit any one who wants to know about the implementation of m-government and its various aspects and impacts.Rationale of the Study in that respect is a vast heart of literature available on the palm of m-government and e-government though there are only a threateningly a(prenominal) noned studies on the feasibility of deploying ICT in all sectors of Bangladesh government.The study proves its rationale by making it an h onest and logical approach to find out the positive impacts and benefits of deploying m-government in Bangladesh. also by analyzing the case studies taken from the practical palm of Bangladesh, the enquiry identifies that m-government would be a lot more efficient than e-government and has a strong likelihood of be coming a success on winning the country a enormous step further ahead from the other developing countries.In this study, it has also been tried to hold a elemental overview of various m-government applications which might easily be assertable to implement in developing countries.Definition of TermsM-government stands for unstable E-government, which are an extension of e-government and a matter of surviveting public sector IT systems geared to interoperability with the citizens mobile devices. vigorous devices are the devices using wireless ICT such as mobile addresss, laptops, in-person digital assistants (PDA) and wireless internet roots.ICT stands for info rmation and communication technologies, which cease be considered as the backbone of modern world information flow.Decentralization is allocating the tasks of a central government to local authorities to govern a gravel area in all aspects.Overview of the StudyThe current research typography intends to observe the emerging trends and the technologies establishing the trends in the field of m-government. The study also collects information on the benefits and challenges involved in the implementation of a full-functioning m-government in Bangladesh. The typography examines various scopes of m-government to become economically and electiveally beneficial for Bangladesh as well as the developing countries basing on the selective information collected for this purpose. In this way, the newsprint finally analyzes the real impact of m-government on the public sector processes in Bangladesh and an attempt of proving this system being a better option earlier than e-government has also been made.Literature ReviewIntroductionIn this study, there would be attempt to see through the potential of various fields of the implementations of m-government. And this research is expiry to ride a number of steps of deeper insight of the nearly promising sector of public judiciary for a wise twenty-first century country. M-government is a very practicallytimes practice sessiond and discussed issue in black marketning local administration and the focus of connecting unvarying public with the administration has never seen such an easier option in order to establish proper nation as well.The review in this section would first try to understand the different functions of government and the long hand of administration to run a country. Thus, the possible integration of ICT in the facilitation of these functions would also be analyze thoroughly with a view of finding the dignified contribution of the system where e-government and m-government are conform toing a vital role. The comparisons and reasoning would always be focused on our main topic, which is the implementation potential of m-government in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a country representing the third world, with poor infrastructure and low communication facilities. The study intends to face the challenges in such present condition of the country and studies the possible issues of meeting them.Government FunctionsMobile-government is basically the system of running government actions by using the utmost facility of mobile technologies. For this purpose it is not illogical to find out what actually are the basic functions of a government. Mobile technology might be sought into the stream of the various actions of a government. Let us see how below.In a example country, the government is the core wheel-power of the system on which the country runs. The main functions of a elective government could be listed asProviding protection of the citizens and their propertyEnsure the enforcemen t of law at all parts around the countryKeeping in order with the rights and contributions of individually and every citizenConnecting with people, as the people is the maker and decider of the governmentCreate and maintain good foreign relationship focusing the wellbeing of the country, etc.At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, we are now looking forward to the acceptance of democracy in close to every country in this world. Though the list of the duties of a popular country in not exhaustive, the above are quite the uniform for all the independent territories and countries.The facts that we are in the 21st century now upon the boom in the technological sector at the end of the go bad century the contribution of new and innovative technologies in modern government system is inevitable. In this study, it tries to see how various government functions chamberpot get facilitated by fitting in the new technologies that stick out be offered.As it has been experience d in Bangladesh that mobile technology and at a wider prospect, we can e-technology has spread to be in use at a broader surpass in the mercantile sector already yet the government of Bangladesh has not follow the technology that way. Especially when utterance for Bangladesh, connection with the public as being a Peoples Republic has not yet considered as the most important factor so far or the steps to be taken to strengthen this connection. But it is not judge for establishing proper democracy at all.ICT Support Associating Government FunctionsFirst to affirm, Information and Communication engineering science (ICT) is without a doubt the driving factor of the wheel of modern economy, financial, commercial and still administration systems. A system which has not yet adopted this technology lagged a lot behind than its competitors. It is not untrue to say that the invention and innovation of electronic technology has made the world express and easier as well. at that place was an age say about a nose candy years ago, when the only medium of communication was by distributeing earn or conducting wires. For this one had to go to the telegram office or a post office for trying to contact others. Although the postal systems or telegram were quite fast at those days, but after the invention of fit land- telephone or wireless mobile phone or crimson the Internet, who would have fancy that the communication system would grow this faster. The flow of information got so much easier and faster that it has become a matter of seconds now, not days compared to those posting-letter-days.A government is the centre organization of a country. It has the empowerment to rule the country and the power is been given by the citizens of a country. So gratuitous to say that, the government functions are always about the welfare of the public. In order to strengthen this relation between the public and the government, we could not commend anything else other than IC T for its contribution. Towards a process of evolving e-government system for the lift-up in the performance of government systems, ICT plays the core role in its own innovative quality.One of major positive impacts that ICT brings into a government system is transparency in government actions. ICT can reduce corruption of government officials as well, which is a needed issue in improving the government system in Bangladesh, as it has become the top most corrupted country quite a number of times. Technology can automate some processes which could have bare possibility of officials to involve in corruptions. Even the information approach becomes possible easily to public. Government learns can also be planned decent and realistically by the use of ICT. The expenses for a development projects can be monitored infinitely so that there might not be any gaps or illicit misuse which is a major problem currently residing in Bangladesh government projects. Roads, bridges or any othe r infrastructure projects are often stopped halfway through because of the shortage of investment company which was initially passed to be underway with full funding. These sorts of corruptions are a regular incident in Bangladesh, which could see a light on resolution these problems by the innovative use of ICT.And mobile-government system here re-enforces e-government benefits of making the public administration system more transparent, open, accessible and better connected to the public, being supported by ICT.Being Mobile, Being SmarterThe most notable advantage of being Mobile is that it is being mobile. Mobile technologies enable the improvement of communication without a lot of infrastructural development, which might become a pretty much expensive project for most of the countries. This study lead discuss the various projects of m-government taken throughout the world and tries to pay a deep public intuitive feeling about the prospect of those projects if being taken in Bangladesh.So what is m-government and how can it become the new revolution towards a 21st century smart government? This study found after a lot of research that it is not a very difficult question to answer, as the contributions of m-government are pretty much crystal clear all around the world.M-government has often considered for developing e-democracy. E-democracy can be defined by keeping the connection of the government with the public at the first line of consideration. Especially in developing countries where internet facilities are not available enough to genuinely plan for public connection though web technology on its own. Without using mobile technology, the expectation for this would clearly see a failure. It has been a glowing fact that mobile phone users are running a pretty high number in developing countries. So the government could always think about mobile technology as a channel towards the citizens. With enhanced credentials and transparency, mobile systems may see a huge success in this context.M-services under screeningLet us start with various pilot projects and existing systems using the service of mobile technology in different countries. The study would go on with the feasibility of the systems if to be implemented in Bangladesh.This part of the study starts by stepping into chinaware which is one of the most prominent countries in the world. China has seen some projects in order to improve the interaction between the government and the public. Such as, in China people can send text messages to the local member of their respective legislature. The local exemplifications can then be aware of their actions and continuously getting the feedback.This is a great opportunity for the citizens to keep in intuitive feeling with the person they have elected themselves to play on behalf of their local area. Mobile technology here holds a vital role by providing the SMS technology available. If we go for a cross-section of this service, s ay for example upon being elected as a part of an area, the elected person has been given one or more mobile phone number which might be available for keeping communication from the citizens. Whenever there are problems arising or people are suffering in the far rural areas, they can send their plea in a short informative form to the representative via SMS to take urgent steps about the matter. The representative could then be aware fully of this matter and take relevant actions as necessary. There might be a lot of communicational and/or technical gaps or complications needed to be solved, but we could just take this as simple awareness information. At least the representative would know what is going on with the people within the constituency.In Bangladesh, issues related to the matter of clear and firm communication between the local parliament or gist members and the public is not always dealt with adequate importance. The lack of this attitude is not acceptable in a country which has been struggling for over 30 years to establish democracy. It is not going to be babbling about if we say we could establish strong relationship between the public and their representative and reduce the distance between them.Grameen phone is the leading mobile phone company in Bangladesh. Whenever the talk about the mobile phone technology in Bangladesh arises, Grameen phone would definitely appear with its solid base built upon its contribution towards setting up such a wonderful mobile network base in Bangladesh. Right now, about 98% of the population of Bangladesh are under the coverage area of Grameen phone. There has been already over $1.6 schnozion investment just to build and improve the network infrastructure with 10000 base-stations over 5600 locations in the country. And there is still, according to the last envision in 2001, 79% of the population live in rural areas. Also as of September 2006, from an estimate only 38% of the population in Bangladesh have acc ess to electricity. This means that even if the people from a remote rural part of Bangladesh do not have electricity, without which running a computer or a laptop is quite impossible people would still be under the coverage of Grameen mobile network.The introduction of Grameen phone here at this part of the study has a significant meaning. Considering the amount this company has invested developing the mobile telephony network infrastructure and the huge everydayity it gained with over 20 million subscribers, this study keeps a preferable position for this company in mind while discussing about the feasibility of implementing m-government systems and its various applications.Going back to the topic of building and strengthening the communication between the public and their political or social representative, having a strong mobile telephony network like Grameen phone has established in Bangladesh would come really handy for the case of remote rural areas. Even the people from far deep inside the hills and jungles could also be able to not be lost at least by their local representative to the government. flat lets spot a light on what the experts in m-government systems are saying about the various features of this system. There were several(prenominal) seminars during the years of 2002 and 2003 on m-government and expert talks about this system came astray out at light. The experts defined m-government as a combination of two sets of features. There was the launching of the famous 24/24, 7/7 concept by Zalesack (2002) which gives importance on building the freedom of mobile access and services that can be delivered from anywhere at any time. It holds the core meaning of being actually mobile. Roggenkamp (2004) also emphasized mobility device mobility, service mobility and user mobility. every last(predicate) these opinions of the experts support the idea here which is the distinguished advantage of the technology on the move.It is not irrational to menti on that with a mobile phone in a persons pocket means a communication with that person is more or less always possible as long as the mobile phone is in the persons pocket. No other device has made it possible and it holds a lot of significance while considering m-governance system. Any citizen could be connected to government services 24/7 if appropriate systems are there. The government outreach can be expanded unimaginably based upon this fact of mobile telephony system.In between 2002 and 2003, as a part of a Swiss national research project within the framework of COST A14, MIR-CdM-EPFL carried out an evaluation and comparison of e-government projects in six European contexts (Rossel, P Finger, M and Misuraca, G, 2006). Some of them were regional or national, others municipal, especially the cases of Bologna (Italy), Issy-les-Moulineaux (France), Tampere (Finland), Estonia, Ireland and France (Buser, Cotti, Rossel and Finger, 2003). The services which have been implemented were In lssy-les-Moulineaux (France), the possibility to pay parking or reserving a parking slot using a mobile phone, to make a reservation for a local hotel room, to make a reservation for a local hotel room, to make a reservation for books, records, DVD at the media program library or a game in the game library.In Tampere (Finland), the possibility to check availability and make reservations at the local library, to have access to bus schedules and to map service for addresses, road work or any zoning issue, as well to social service information, medical services.In Estonia, the facilitation of payment by internet and SMS.In Estonia and In Ireland, administrative data access, for the citizen, on a 24/24 and 7/7 fanny and national database access, for businesses.These above implementations were not as fruitful as expected after a revisit of the programs. According to the situation in Bangladesh, the possible impact that may be brought by these services being implemented would also co me with a few question marks. Especially speaking of the information being sought after by mobile phones would solicit a strong and secure database at the service end which is not on its best condition in Bangladesh at the moment. But about the context of paying by SMS from a mobile phone is already been implemented in a number of notable projectsGrameen phone has started a service of bill-payment which enables subscribers to pay the utility bills via SMS. The bill amount entrust be only if deducted from the users mobile phone account and going to post-offices or bill payment centres are not necessary now-a-days as it can be done from home simply by a text message.Cell-bazar is some other innovative shopping idea that been introduced also by Grameen Phone. A customer can ask for a list of products in the area of affaire by sending a text message. Upon receiving the list, the subscribers can then bid for the product by sending SMS and the bidding system is not a lot different t han that of eBay instead the bidding is coming via a text message from a mobile phone. A subscriber can also sell by sending short description within the special(a) space of an SMS by sending a text message. When someone wins the bid, gets a text message containing the winning notification and even the customer then pay for the item via SMS as well. The product is then shipped by tralatitious portage though. But a lot of work here has been done simply by using a mobile phone from the rest of the customers phone. close to recently there has been an inauguration by the Prime Minister of Bangladesh of a new university opening project where m-technology has also been implemented. Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST) have announced that student can now book for entryway tests simply via sending SMS. Students will have to send their Higher Secondary award exam results via SMS to the university. The university database will justify the students ability to sit for the exam and will send them their roll-number and the date f the exam, even with a short form of seat-plan. All the students have to do is paying the fees for the exam via SMS which will be deducted from the students mobile phone account and then appear at the exam bringing an attested copy of their photograph along with them. The complicated admission process is been simplified this way only by using m-technology even by sending the student results for their exams via SMS. The hassle of travelling to university to collect the admission forms and then going to the bank to pay the fees and come again to sit for the exams used to take half of the students stamina even before the exams. Now hopefully a student from a rural area compliments to attend the admission test at SUST will not have to sweat to even get a final accommodation number for the test by coming to the city.Thus we could see that mobile-payment systems can be utilized at more widespread areas upon seeing these projects wh ich are coming out to be pretty handy. So on considering the six European contexts, mobile payment rule could be a feed for the thought of implementing m-government system in Bangladesh.Another feature of m-governance that can be put into consideration is getting the public opinion in an easy way. It has been quite a regular practice at the newspapers in Europe. In the UK, popular newspapers regularly put up a poll about several government decisions and actions. People can easily express their clear opinions by sending SMS to the newspapers and they are getting published like broad daylight. Opinions of the citizens are not suppressed yet the government could easily get into peoples minds and be cautious on taking any steps against the will of majority. sometimes it has not been proved handy though. Just to mention the huge dissent in British newspapers along with a huge number of citizens opinion against the singing of British Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary for the re-intr oduction of European Union Constitution which could not be stopped eventually. But the opinions of general British public were being brought out into lights by the newspapers which gave the readers an option to send opinions via SMS.Surprisingly true that the newspapers in Bangladesh has not yet adopted this method of receiving public opinions on various issues and matters related to the country or even their parliamentary procedure. They still rely on letters being sent by the readers. Some of the newspapers do accept telecommunicates but they are very few in number. Keeping the huge number of mobile phone subscribers in consideration, it could become a widely accepted form of expressing citizens thoughts via national newspapers and could have a positive impact on even changing the society a lot more constructively.Mobile technology can also be used innovatively in voting campaigns (Emmanuel C. Lallana, 2008). Mobile-voting has been a regular practice in television programs and n ew product feedbacks to the releasing companies for quite a long time. By connecting a database, SMS votes sent by mobile phones could mayhap turn around the current scene voting reality. In a national election, it can encourage better elector registration and voter turn-out at the poll at the election days. There is a case of this in Spain 2004 election where voter turnout was at the highest rate.1Even in Macedonia, mobile phones been used as election campaign tools when an organization sent two SMS to encourage women to vote for women in the 2006 national elections. And the result came out as an increased 29% of representatives at the parliament of Macedonia are women.21. http//www.iht.com/articles/2004/03/23/a11_16.php2. http//www.newtactics.org/en/node/1685These above facts are a clear extension of the ability of mobile technology of increasing public involvement in government elections. Bangladesh can obviously see the benefits from these projects and the outcomes of them as it is a pop country that sees a national election in every louvre years. A country consisting of population over 100 million and having a voter number of almost 60 million voters, it experiences one of the biggest democratic elections in the world. Following the success of the use of mobile phones in the two countries mentioned above, Bangladesh can also use the same technology for the purposes. Although by taking a huge and almost incredible project for voter registration by providing the voters a National Identity Document (NID) in the year of 2008, Bangladesh showed its positive struggle towards becoming a successful democratic country. The project has gone for almost 18 months with tens of thousands of computer trained personals working hard to complete working for it, which is the first biometric voter registration process in South Asia. The voters data have been stored in a national database and each voter has been given a national ID number. This successful project can help in a lot of ways in the implementation of m-governance and e-governance. Since there is a secure national database now setup already, it should not be a problem to have a citizens mobile phone number added into the database along with the ID number as well. It is a matter of governments responsibility to aware the citizens about the importance of it. Even the Non-government Organizations can also play a big part in helping the government in this matter. The outreach of the government would then be increased at a aim when any useful information could easily be sent to the citizens via SMS technology. Moreover, women in Bangladesh have also been experiencing a second class citizens respect still. Because of the bourgeois nature in the society, most women would not step out of their homes to the canvass for casting their votes. They are not even familiar with a widely accepted nature of women in power though Bangladesh herself has had two egg-producing(prenominal) Prime Ministers in the past and the current Prime Minister is also a female. Steps can be taken following those in Macedonia by sending awareness text messages to women to involve in the democratic process of electing a government with the same rights as men and even empower women of their choice with dignity as a democratic citizen. say-so Problems on the wayProblems that may rise during the implementation of m-government system in Bangladesh are identified belowInfrastructure The government of Bangladesh have to be aware of proper infrastructural development of ICT all around the country. Though mobile phone networks has 98% coverage of the country population, still the service-end infrastructure such as the PC which would send out information to mobile phones and to which the mobile phones will get connected to, should be set up with a secure database protected by a secure server. Right parcel should be installed and a trained manpower is needed.Secure Payment System When considering m-payment as a future most widely accepted version of payment, the government should come up with a series of serious security regulations for online and mobile payment transactions and should put all attempts to enforce these regulations rigorously to gain public confidence in freely use this pleasant system without any mental stress or hassle.No email There could be a new law about mobile phone numbers as there is now about email addresses. That is, the government should ensure that citizens mobile phone number or any information will be kept safe and secure and will not even face risks to go in the hands of third parties.User-friendliness As long as the government keeps the services provided through m-government easily acces

The Safety Of Seafarers Going To Sea Engineering Essay

The Safety Of oceanf bers Going To ocean Engineering seeThis report aims to educate readers ab push through the sentry duty of oceanf argonrs going to sea and the manageable dangers that they guinea pig. The report volition too elaborate about the ongoing issues and measures taken to regard the precaution of the seafarers.Marine Industry has been a major chopine for investment and income since the ancient cartridge clips. Seafarers face possible dangers from collision of moves, resurrect and run conditions. Therefore, the casualties onboard a ravish catch been increasing repayable to overlook of sensation towards safety on board the ship. The multinational ocean Organisation( IMO) took steps to veto such(prenominal) disasters from happening. Rules give way been set up to make sure the equipments onboard the ship are up to date, certified and are regularly inspected. Workers onboard ingrained be well trained in the safety aspects. fit to the international istic nautical Organisation(2009),ship safety is a subject that is currently receiving high attention by nigh countries. The International ocean Organisation(2009) tell that this was due to a turn of serious vessel casualties that beget occurred in recent years.1.3 MethodologyThe discipline for this report was obtained from the International Convention for the Safety of action at Sea (SOLAS) 1974 edition, reference books, research about shipping companies and the internet. Case studies were taken from online word articles.1.4 ScopeAs there are m whatever possibilities that could happen onboard a ship, this report bequeath investigate solely about the possible military campaign of send packing at sea, preventive measures, consequences of kindle, actual events that took place due to flak, types of muster out and much more.2. give the axe Hazards onboard the Ship2.1 social movements of Fire harmonise to John G. Antherson (2000),the causes of sting on a ship arent a lot d ifferent than the causes of fires in either urban setting. As there are electrical circuits onboard the ship, there is a chance for an electrical fire is to occur. Machinery onboard a ship terminate spring up hot when its operating. An overheating bearing could cause a fire.(John G. Antherson 2000) Ships uses combustion systems to generating steam, and innate combustion engines are used generate electricity. These combustion system will get very hot and layabout cause a fire.(John G. Antherson 2000) disagreeable machinery spaces and the volatility of fuel, lubri spatets and hydraulic fluids around the hot machinery can lead to a fire or an explosion. A collision at sea could beginner a fire. The g all(prenominal)(prenominal)ey where food is prepared is an another(prenominal)wise fire possibility on board a ship.(John G. Antherson 2000) During ship repairing, alloy cutting and conjoin equipment is carried and used to faulty equipment. Sparks from this equipments could to a fault start a fire. There are some more possible ways fires could be started. Fire hazards in the cabin could also cause fire to occur. An article (Anon Fires In Ships 2002) states that slapdash smoking is the main cause of fires in ships.In one casing scenario, sixteen Chinese nationals rush been taken to the hospital after a fire broke out in their ship(APL Columbia) at port bot whatever on 5 January 2010.A caboodle member onboard the 45,000 tonne APL Columbia(IMO9252242) noticed a fire in his cabin about 1.30am.The man tried to redact out the fire but was unsuccessful.The crew members had suffered from smoke inhalation and the fire was put out about 5.30 am using the ships own fire scrap equipment. In another persona scenario, a fire broke out in the engine way of spiritedness. A Maersk container ship (Maersk Duffield) crossed Brisbanes Moreton Bay with its engine room on fire and the Emergency commission Queensland helicopter is en highroad to assist. One crew membe r required treatment.Shipping Database,2009-2010Online on tap(predicate) from http//www.shippingdatabase.com/ Accessed 31 January 2010Figure 1 International ocean Statistics Forum 2007 p.g 15Figure 2International ocean Statistics Forum 2007 p.g 16According to the chart ( figure 1) made by the nautical Institute in Gdansk(2007), close to fire accidents occur during ship repairs. Fire caused from ship repairs take up 79.3% of most fire accidents in their case study. Meanwhile, figure 2 showed that 24.11% of fire occurring on board a ship is located at the Cargo holds and tanks.2.2 contoures of FireThere are 4 types of fire that superpower occur onboard a ship. There are course of study A , Class B , Class C and Class D fires. The U.S Department of Agriculture, Forest Service(2007) said that Ordinary combustible fires are the most common type of fire, and are designated under Class A fire . These occur when a solid, organic material such as wood, cloth, rubber, or plastic become heated to their flash point and ignite. This class of fire is fairly simple to beset and contain .According to issue Fire security system Association (NFPA 2008),the most common way to do this is by spraying the burning material with water, oxygen can also be removed by smothering the fire with foam from a fire subverter.Meanwhile, combustible liquid are categorized under Class B fire. The National Fire Protection Association(2008) reports that this fire follow the same basic fire tetrahedron (heat, fuel, oxygen, chemical substance reaction) as ordinary combustible fires, except that the fuel in question is a flammable liquid such as gasoline, or gas such as natural gas.An efficient way to extinguish a liquid or gas fueled fire is to disperse the chemical chain reaction of the fire, which is done by dry chemical and Halon extinguishing agents. According to an extract from Industrial Hygiene and Information Management (2008) ESH Manual Chapter 40, Hazardous Materials, class D fire are fires that are caused by flammable or combustible metals. Examples prone by the ESH manual Chapter 40, Hazardous Materials, of such metals are titanium , sodium ,magnesium, potassium, uranium and calcium.Generally, metal fire risks occur when sawdust, machine shavings and other metal are flummox. These fires can be ignited by the same types of ignition sources that would start other common fires.Wikipedia, Fire Classes Online visible(prenominal) from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_classesAccessed 1 February 2010A crew onboard a fishing vessel said that If a fire was to start onboard a ship, crew members onboard must know what type of fire it is. If a harm extinguisher or method is being used, the fire might dispel even more. ( Florida Sport Fishing Crew 2002)3. Consequences of fire3.1 Loss of revenue enhancement and Marine EnvironmentThe International Maritime Organisation (2009) said that most accidents onboard a ship will expiry in a outrage of revenue. Cargo s onboard a ship might be damaged and millions of dollars worth of cargos and resources will be affected. Fire onboard a tanker ship will take a shit a high chance of causing an explosion and fuel leaked into the sea will cause water pollution and that will affect the marine environment. Thousands of dollar will be used to clean up the petroleum spill. A case study given by the carriage put up Information exchange (2006) was that of Hyundai Fortune where an accidental fire broke out on 21st March 2006. The combined cost of the ship and damaged cargo is estimated at over 300 million US dollars.According to an online article by Brisbane Times, rock cover spill clean-up can be preferably costly. In a case study by the article, an insurer of a Hong Kong-based cargo ship had to foot the bill for a 20 tonnes of diesel engine fuel into waters off Stradbroke Island. Authorities announced that the estimated cost of the clean-up will reach about $100,000 a day and take seven years to complete.Daniel Hurst 2009 , Oil spill clean-up to cost $100,000 a dayOnline Brisbane times Available from http//www.brisbanetimes.com.au/ intelligence/queensland/oil-spill-cleanup-to-cost-100000-a-day/2009/03/12/1236447368184.html Accessed on 7th February 20103.2 political FalloutPolitical radioactive dust might also occur if swift action is not taken. Political fallout will cause the reputation of the government or trust to be at stake.(M.Masellis and S.W.A.Gunn 1992) The disasters that occur within the Maritime Industries can be used as an example for opposition parties to blame the government and this might change the mindset of the society towards the government.According to an online article by BBC news, an oil well in the Timor Sea off the north-west coast of Australia caught fire. The oil rig had been leaking oil and marine fire fighters were struggling for ten weeks to percentage point the leak. The National Offshore Petroleum Safety consent had been called out to dis h out combat the fire and other teams such as the Geoscience Australia and the Australian Maritime Safety Authority were on standby. However, an opposition spokesman accused the Environment government minister of Australia of doing nothing to stop the oil leak.BBC News 2009 , Australia well catches fire Online Available from http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8336564.stm3.3 Human CasualtiesAccidents onboard a ship will also cause sympathetic casualties to occur. Fire especially will be purport threatening onboard a passenger ship and it will cause loony bin and panic among passengers. ( L.M. Collins 1999) A good way to ensure that tender life is not lost is for the crew and passengers to follow instructions given by the Captain. If the passengers follow the instructions swiftly, they will be able to hunt from the ship safely.( L.M. Collins 1999)One of the major events that had numerous benevolent casualties was that of RMS Titanic. According to David G , Titanic was stru ck by an iceberg and sank in two hours and forty minutes on 15 April 1912. The sinking of the Titanic resulted in 1517 deaths out of the 2223 people on board. The high casualty rate was due to the fact that the ship was not carrying enough lifeboats for everyone onboard.Brown, David G. (2000). The Last Log of the Titanic. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 0071364471. around fire cases are quickly dealt with and the only losses that the crew face are the cargos or raw materials onboard. Up to this day, passenger ship have not faced any fire incidents that resulted in major human casualties.4.Fire Safety Measures4.1 Safety of Life at Sea(SOLAS)M.Masellis and S.W.A.Gunn(1992) said that fire casualties on ships lead almost certainly to disastrous results because of the limited and isolated areas of the vessels and the leave out of immediate and easy access for the rescue team. Preventive measures are whence much more effective in the effort to avoid such casualties than rescue and fire- extinguishing procedures or devices. Marine fire casualties in merchant ships the Greek statistics 1992 Available from http//www.springerlink.com/content/h8362077847j9127/In 1914, The International Maritime Organisation had a approach pattern among international leaders and maritime leaders to talk about maritime safety. Of all the international conventions dealing with maritime safety, the most important is the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea(SOLAS). There have been many versions of SOLAS adopted by the International Maritime Organisation but the present version was adopted in 1974 and entered into force in 1980.The SOLAS conventions have all covered many aspects of safety at sea. The convention in 1914 include chapters on safety of navigation, construction, fire protection and life-saving appliances.(International Maritime Organisation 2009)This shows that the International Maritime Organisation is constantly exhausting to find ways to ameliorate the asp ects of safety at sea to ensure the safety of seafarers life by introducing the Safety Of Life at Sea(SOLAS) and updating it.4.2 Fire Safety analyse and Safety EquipmentOne of the fire safety measures is to conduct fire safety test for the ship. Fire safety of ships is an extremely important area. Before any material can be used onboard a ship, it must have successfully passed strict tests and have been certified for use. This is to ensure that the material or equipment does not pose a fire hazard onboard the ship. (SP Technical look into Institute of Sweden 2008)Another safety measure is to install safety equipments on the ship. Equipments such as fire extinguisher, sprinkler system , gas monitor and other safety equipments are being implemented. The International Maritime Organisation(IMO) is taking steps to introduce new and more sophisticated equipments onboard the ships. IMO hope to reduce the make out of accidents from occurring onboard the ship and will rely on this new eq uipments to combat the job more efficiently.4.3 Service of ships and EquipmentsAccording to The Safety of Life At Sea 1974 edition, the ship and its safety equipments have to undergo service at once every few years. Safety equipments include components that can deteriorate over time. Therefore, this can decrease the effectiveness of the equipment. Examples of such equipments stated in the Safety Of Life At Sea 1974 edition (SOLAS) are fire extinguishers, EPIRBs, flares, life jackets, life rafts and smoke signals. Servicing of the equipment must be done by the manufacturer or an authorised agent by the conclusion date. The expiry date must be all the way marked on the equipment. some life raft needs to be serviced every two or three years. Equipment that cannot be serviced or no longer works must be replaced if it is to be carried as part of the safety equipment onboard the ship.(The International Maritime Organisation 2009)In the event that an emergency were to occur and the sa fety equipments were to be faulty as they were not sent for servicing, the manufacturer should not be blamed as the expiry date have been stated clearly on the equipment. It is the duty of the crew onboard and its owner to send the equipments for servicing once the expiry date is over.According to the IMO 2009, maintenance and inspections of equipments must be put down to provide objective evidence that these work have been carried out check to the manufacturers instructions.4.4 Proper training for the crewAccording to the Maritime Port Authority Singapore(MPA) 2010, Seafarers working on board a ship must have the valid certification or endorsements. In Singapore, these are issued by the schooling Standards Department of MPA. Seafarers working on board a ship are required to have a valid Certificate of Competency (CoC) or endorsement, which comply with the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW).The crew must also be well trained in fire fighting and world-class Aid. Those who wish to work onboard a ship must have an Advance Fire Fighting Course certificate and Elementary First Aid certificate as well before they are certifiable to work onboard (Maritime Port Authority Singapore 2010). The crew will also conduct regular safety drills after each departure from port. The crew are to follow their duty that had been assigned on the Muster List.By having proper trained crews onboard a ship, this will minimise the chance of human shift and accidents from occurring. upgrademore, the crew are well trained to handle any emergencies such as fire . The International Maritime Organisation(IMO) 2009 once said that the tonicity and familiarisation are directly affected by the frequency and quality of the drills carried out. IMO added that a crew debrief after each drill is essential to emphasise lessons learned and to give additional training where necessary.5. Conclusion5.1 Further ImprovementsEvery yea r, the International Maritime Organisation and other Maritime corpse are working hand in hand to improve a seafarers life in terms of their living condition and to ensure that they are working in a safe environment. The organisation are trying to find constant improvement to reduce marine casualties, loss in revenue due to unwanted accidents. One improvement that can be introduce to the ship is the All-in-One fire extinguisher. This extinguisher would be able to combat any types of fire such as Class A , Class B, Class C or Class D fires. By having this fire extinguisher onboard the ship, the crew will not need to waste time to find different methods to combat different types of fire. Another improvement that could be introduced is the fire isolating system. This system will isolate the fire from gap to other rooms and this will reduce the damage caused towards the ship. The Maritime Port Authority said that this new inventions will further improve the safety aspects but it still needs to undergo more tests before it can be implemented towards the ships.5.2 Human Error is still the Main CauseThe International Maritime Organisation have taken steps to ensure that the technology and safety equipments being implemented are up to date. nevertheless thought this is so, nothing can be done if the accident caused is by human misapprehension. Even if the crew had gone for proper training, human error will still occur. An article by B.S Dhillon(2007), human error cost the Maritime Industry $541 million per year and a study of 6091 major accident claims revealed that 62% of the claims were attributed to human error. B.S Dhillion(2007) added that human error contributes to 84% to 88% of tanker accidents.B.S Dhillon 2007. Human Reliability and Error in Transportation Systems, springer spaniel Series in Reliability Engineering . Page 1.These incidents will result in crew injuries or death and the ship will be delayed or damaged. Even if there is mechanical failure, hu man error can play a role in terms of lack of maintenance , monitoring or a breakdown in communication. The Bahamas Maritime Authority added that crew fatigue and complacency can be a major factor in this incident. The Bahamas Maritime Authority said that wakeless equipment can cost more, but safety should be accorded a higher(prenominal) priority because a ship cannot be operated safely without the seafarer.

Employee satisfaction and Employee retention

Employee blessedness and Employee holdingIntroductionHuman re microbe is a key component of arrangement as peck atomic number 18 the marrow squash of the organisation and play a critical character in ascertain the performance of the organisation. Companies that be c arful and meticulous in recruiting the appropriate people with the indispensable skills and knowledge that depart be useful in the organisation are seeming to fare signifi flowerpottly wear than organisations that are wanton in their process of staff recruitment. Human capital is an important source of competitive advantage and provides the organisation with a competitive edge over their competitors (insert reference abt benignant capital being a competitive advantage). detailed selection and recruitment of people is hence an important process of human resourcing. Once an organisation has no-hitly recruited suitable and competent people into the organisation, the undermentioned step leave behind be ha rbouring this group of competent staff in the organisation as they, with their knowledge and skills are very much an invaluable asset to the organisation.2.2 Business ReasonsEmployee retentiveness is very much a gainsay faced by organisations today (insert references), especiall(a)y the keeping of highly satisfactory employees, who are ingrained in the organisation in this dynamic twenty-first century phone line surround where organisations that wish to survive and be successful do to be highly versatile with the ability to respond fleetly and effectively and thus adapt well to the ever-changing business environment. Therefore, it is authoritative for organisations to ensure that they are able to retain the best of their people, who are possible to contribute much to the survival and the success of the company.Organisations claim long tried and true to tackle the problem of employee memory board and limit employee disorder of skilled employees (insert references), b arely it is almost impossible to eradicate such incidences.It is a widely cognize fact that employee satisfaction is closely related to employee retention and numerous studies deal been conducted to support the above statement (insert references). However, it is also likely that there are reasons early(a) than employee satisfaction that office play a crucial role in employee retention (insert references). Organisations will need to look into other playing fields that conflicts employee retention to feel a better understanding of it and hence be better equipped in the management of retaining skilled employees.Personal reasonsWith reference to my prior(prenominal) overwork experience, where employee derangement was very high in the organisation I worked in, still though employers try to compromise with those employees (planning to gravel off) and retain them by change magnitude their salary and offering them to a greater extent benefits (increasing their patronage sati sfaction), it is not enough to note them from leaving the organisation. As such, I am highly interested as to what other factors that could run for to peoples wrappedion to sacrifice an organisation even though there is an increase in assembly line satisfaction. It would be certainly be very helpful to gain near insights about peoples intention to leave an organisation and what should be done to prevent them from doing so, should I acquire a managerial career after entering the workforce.Preliminary Review of the booksLambert, Hogan Barton (2001) measures the impact on turnover intent based on fin factors. They are demographic characteristics (eg. age, gender, education), work environment measures (eg. role conflict, autonomy, co-worker relations), bank line satisfaction, turnover intent, and alternative employment opportunities.Turnover intent is prodigiously bear on by availability of alternative job opportunities, job satisfaction, work environment (financial rewards) and demographic characteristics (age and tenure) with job satisfaction having the greatest effect. top environment and demographic characteristics generally sport an confirmatory effect on turnover intent as twain factors affects job satisfaction. Nonetheless, work environment was prove to have a greater effect on job satisfaction than demographic characteristics. Meanwhile, job satisfaction had the greatest effect on turnover intent.Lambert, Hogan Barton (2001) suggested that managers accent on creating a favourable work environment to increase job satisfaction, which in turn lowers turnover intent.Besides job satisfaction, an persons social credit with ones organisation (Moura et. al. 2009) also plays a role in predicting his/her intention to mollify or leave the organisation. When employees identify with their organisations, they are prone to be to a greater extent supportive and loyal to the organisation and desire to be part of a member of the organisation (Ashfort h and Mael 1989, cited in Moura et. al. 2009).Results of a study done by Moura and colleagues (Moura et. al. 2009) found that social Identity has proven to be an important formulation people take into love when deciding to gruntle or leave the organisation.As organizational identification (ie. social organisation) largely impacts on employees intentions to turnover, organisations should concentre on improving employees identification with the organisation.Nonetheless, job satisfaction should not be ignored as is still undoubtedly one of the most decisive factors that affect turnover intent.However, as characteristics of each individual varies, it is thus prerequisite to take into consideration the different factors and takes of job satisfaction as sensed by an individual when analysing job satisfaction (Franek and Vecera 2008 cited from Lee and Way 2010). The impact of individual characteristics on job satisfaction and turnover intention should not be ignored.Factors of job s atisfaction can be categorized into, die Environment factor and Work Itself factor.Both factors, though mutually exclusive, were found to have a large impact on job satisfaction. The Work Itself factor not only evaluates job satisfaction but turnover intentions as well.Although job satisfaction increases motivation and productivity of employees, it does not flirt with that level of employee retention is at its most efficient. Job satisfaction factors are not necessarily the similar as employee retention factors because not all job satisfaction factors will affect employee retention (Lee and Way 2010).Udechukwu and Mujtaba (2007) states that the reasons for employees to closure or leave an organisation can be divided into ternary of import categories, that is, social affiliates, employee and employer, contrary to previous studies that only took employer and social linkup factors into consideration.Social connection (eg. family, social club, religious group) affects employee v oluntary turnover as it is something that an employee identifies with or is associated to, that has no connections to the organisation. The ask of an individual and their social affiliations are a lot in line with each other. Therefore, it is highly likely that an individuals social affiliation will affect his/her decision to stay or leave the organisation.Employers are now providing their staff with more benefits, such as flexi-work hours, to ensure that their needs are met, hence increasing job satisfaction and lowering chance of employee turnover (Udechukwu and Mujtaba 2007).Meanwhile, for employees, it is crucial to them that their needs can be satisfied as the inability to do so will have a disallow impact on their performance and productivity (Senguder 2000 cited in Udechukwu and Mujtaba 2007), which could past pass along to higher(prenominal) probability of turnover.Deery (2008) examined the reasons for employee turnover by dividing them under three categories as well. The first category is job attitudes (eg. job satisfaction, organisational commitment). The second category is the employees in-person attributes of job burnout and exhaustion. The third category addresses employees work- emotional state balance.Previous search emphasised on the role played by job satisfaction and organisational commitment on employee retention but foc utilise less on job burnout, filter out and exhaustionA recent contribution to the inquiry on employee retention is the effect ca utilise by work-life balance on employees decision to stay or leave the organisation. A poor balance mingled with work and life (eg. family time) could lead to family conflicts and lower job satisfaction, hence increasing the possibility of employee turnover. Thus, to purify employee retention, it is recommended that employees be given the opportunity to find a balance surrounded by work and life.Deerys (2008) emphasis on the importance of a balanced work-life is support by Griffeth and Homs (2001) (cited in Udechukwu and Mujtaba 2007) research findings that employees who face family-life conflicts have a higher probability of quitting their jobs than those who do not.Previous researchers have also assumed that determinants of employee turnover and employee retention are the same, that is, employee turnover and employee retention are both sides of the same coin (Johnston 1995 cited in Cho, Johanson and Guchait 2009) and when a factor negatively affects employee turnover, it will have a positive effect on employee retention.Cho, Johanson and Guchait (2009) decide to test the assertions by researching on employee turnover intentions focusing on whether the determinants of measuring the possibility of an individual leaving the organisation are just as useful in measuring the possibility of an individual remaining in the organisation.Three main factors that have been repeatedly found to have a considerably large effect on employee turnover will be used in this s tudy to find if they have the same level of effect on employee retention. The three factors used will be perceived Organisational Support (POS), Perceived Supervisor Support (PSS), and Organisational Commitment (OC).Findings of the study have proven that the assumption is not necessarily right.POS does have an effect on both employee turnover and employee retention. However, the degree of effect varies, with POS having a larger impact on employee retention than employee turnover.Although PSS was found not to have any effect on employee retention, it does have an effect on employee turnover.OC reduces employee turnover, but does not necessarily have a positive impact on employee retention.As organisations today seek to retain their skilled staff, Cho, Johanson and Guchait (2009) suggested there should be more focused research on factors that lead to employee retention than on employee turnover.A research by Harris, cyclist and Kacmar (2009) based on the LMX (leader-member exchange) t heory which studies the quality of the leader-member (ie. supervisor-subordinate) consanguinity and assesses the effect that mandate has on employees in terms of their job satisfaction, turnover intentions.Importance of LMX relationship is relative to the subordinates perceived level of mandate. When a subordinates perceived level of empowerment is high, the work itself becomes a form of motivator and it is not necessary for them to have a high quality LMX relationship as a motivator. Hence, importance of LMX relationship is relatively low for highly empowered subordinates.However, when subordinates perceived level of empowerment is low, a high quality LMX relationship (eg. providing support and encouragement) will be crucial in making up for the loss of work motivation which could lead to high turnover intent.Therefore it is recommended that supervisors should give more attention on increasing subordinates level of empowerment. If the nature of the job or work environment does n ot permit high levels of job empowerment, supervisors should then build a high quality LMX relationship with those subordinates to make up for their low level of job empowerment.There appears to be limited business literature regarding job satisfaction and its effects on employee retention, specifically in the normal and snobbish sectors in the UK. As work environment and conditions neuter between UK public and cliquish organizations, factors and level of job satisfaction likely differs, so does its impact on employee retention. Apart from that, other possible factors that might possibly contribute to employee retention oddly in UK public and private organizations will also need to be explored. The findings from this research will give UK public and private sectors an idea on what would make their staff stay in the organisation. There is also little attention on recommendations that UK public and private organisations can undertake to retain their skilled staff. This is also es sential as it gives UK firms, be it public or private, an idea of what they can do to best retain their skilled employees.enquiry Questions and Objectives4.1 Research QuestionsTaking into consideration individual characteristics and differences in background and culture, what are the various perceptions on job satisfaction?What are the factors that could influence job satisfaction?How do these factors lead to employee retention? Do they have a direct or indirect impact on employee retention?How does job satisfaction differ between employees in public and private sectors in the UK?What is the consequent effect on employee retention between public and private sectors in the UK?What are the other possible factors that could lead to employee retention in the UK public and private sectors?What can be done to increase rate of employee retention in both public and private sectors in the UK?4.2 Research ObjectivesTo critically appraise the moment of employee satisfaction on employee retent ionTo compare and contrast the impact of employee satisfaction on employee retention between the public and private sectors in the UKTo critically evaluate other factors contributing to employee retention in UKs public and private sectorsTo recommend possible course of action to enhance rate of employee retention in both public and private sectors in the UKResearch course of study5.1 Research PerspectiveThe research will be done pickings into consideration the realistic working environment in UK organizations today. Most of the study required for the research will be obtained from secondary info (slightly more qualitative than quantitative data), primarily from suppositious and empirical journal articles. As such, both deductive and inductive reasoning will be required for the research.5.2 Research DesignThis research uses a comparative design as my area of focus is on two broad categories and a comparative designed research will clearly highlight the differences between the tw o categories. However, one possible limitation of this is that there might be more similarities than differences between the two categories, hence defeating the purpose of using the comparative research design.5.3 Data Collection MethodsSecondary DataThe sources of secondary data for the research will mostly be textbooks, journal articles, Databases such as EBSCO, Emerald and acquirement Direct.Textbooks on Human Resource Management (HRM) which can be sourced from proscription Universitys Lanchester subroutine library will be used to gain some theoretical knowledge about the main subject of research, employee satisfaction and employee retention. Textbooks written in the UK will be particularly useful as the subject and areas of research will be written within the context of the UK, and may even include case studies based in the UK. This will help in answering Research Objectives 1 and 4.Some of the textbooks that may be used are sight Planning and Talent Planning HRM in send by Stephen Pilbeam Marjorie Corbridge AND Human Resource Management at Work People Management and Development by Mick Marchington and Adrian Wilkinson.Journal Articles relative to the area of research will be the primary source of secondary data for this research. They can be sourced either from print journals easy from Coventry Universitys Lanchester Library or from journals available through Web Databases such as EBSCO, Emerald and acquirement Direct. Both theoretical and empirical journal articles will be used as they will be very useful in providing insights as well as the latest and up-to-date findings regarding my area of interest in my research. Journal articles written in the UK context will be particularly useful, especially empirical journal articles that include data collected from surveys conducted in the UK. Moreover, there seem to be a lot of journal articles available via the databases on the topic of my research. I may probably get the quite a little of my informati on needed for the research from journal articles. Therefore, Journal Articles and Web Databases will be used to answer all my Research Objectives, especially for Research Objectives 2 and 3.I will source the journal articles from journals such as the European Journal of Social Psychology, Human Resource Development Review, and military group Review.Websites may also be used, such as the UK Government Website which contains some statistics which may be used in the research. One such website would be the Office for National Statistics (ONS) at http//www.statistics.gov.uk/default.asp . Government WebsitesPeer-reviewedValid-as I can get up-to-date articles regarding my area of research.

Watch Industry And Strategy Of Titan Watches

Watch sedulousness And Strategy Of whale WatchesToday, a wrist come is considered as very much of a status symbol as a craft to tell epoch. The shapees and jewellery has non been immune to the economic climate and the completely industriousness suffered in late 2008 and in 2009 as consumer confidence reduce and pack became more than cautious about their spending.The over all(prenominal) jewellery and surveyes mart grew by 10% since 2005 to flip 4.8 billion in 2010 and Mintel forecasts 11% produce for the jewellery and watches merchandise over succeeding(prenominal) five years.2011 is too red ink to be the year to invest in mens jewellery. Stephen Webster presented a strong berth for mens jewellery at IJL in September 2010, and assuming antheral customer besides want watches and the odd signet or chain could lead to lose out on a po hug drugtial wealth of customer. Its not that male customers dont want it they just dont k without delay they want it.Men bent li ke women and theyre not used to thinking about what to wear, explain Webster. But once a man is bejewelled, theres no looking back. They samely dont wait for special occasion like woman do, and they keister go from zero to jewellery dowerizan in no time.Market research comp some(prenominal) Mintels September 2010 deal Watches and jewellery Retailing UK tack that 20% of male respondent verbalize they like receiving jewellery as a gift, and 12% said that they had purchased all of their own jewellery. So the securities industry is clearly there to be exploited.http//www.retail-jeweller.com/trends/in-with-the- overbold-sprung(prenominal)-2011-trends/5020089.articleRocketing property prices and recession acquire led umteen consumers to buy silver jewellery instead of gold, with al just about virtuoso in five people wearying more silver jewellery than gold, rise to nearly three in ten women particularly young people aged 15 24.The affordability and disposability of legion (predicate) costume jewellery items means that customers argon more willing to test and try new looks without denting their bank balancesYoung men aged under(a)- 35 atomic number 18 more open to paying higher amounts for a watch as they typically do not wear jewellery to read their individuality or consumer spending power. virtually 86% of consumers wear a watch, further nearly 40% only a new one when their old one is broken. Converging the watchs main break down with health benefits would be one way of answering create new reasons for purchase.http//oxygen.mintel.com/sinatra/oxygen/ let out/id=479809Executive Summaryhttps//www.keynote.co.uk/ foodstuffplace-intelligence/view/ convergence/10331/chapter/0Many Brands and companies are constantly reinvigorating their bank linees and positioning them for growth. There is a constant indispensability to enter, reinvigorate, update, recalibrate, or just simply fend off the competition in an safari to better explain ,why buy me. In the martplace for the mug and product offerings is created by positioning. It reaches a certain type of consumers and delivers benefits that meet the subscribes of some(prenominal) key target groups and users.Actual Approach of a company or stigmatizes positioning in the tradeplace depends on how it communicates the benefits and product attributes to consumers and users. As a result positioning of a company and/or product seeks to barely distance itself from competitors based on a host of items, but most notably on five key issues Price, Quality, Product Attributes, Distribution, and Usage Occasions.In recent times, consumerism has undergone a sea flip. Consumers straightaway are well sure about the products, as compared to earlier times. Hence, the securities industry has aim customer centric. Recognizing the sizeableness of the customer is business structure companies flip started effecting marque tilt exemplar on regular basis.In the recent times, a major b lot displace custom has been planned by Titian Industries Ltd in order to picture more to its customers. The company has its new position. This study will help to study the revived positioning strategies of TITAN watches. An analysis of computer memorying strategies of whale excessively forms of the study.Firstly it is importationant to understand the overall wrist watch industry in UK. Secondly to study the filth positioning and re-positioning schema of monster wrist watches and to find out whether the loyal consumers of TITAN watches aware of the new positioning strategies of the company and how they perceive them.To study primary and cooperateary selective information progress to been used. Analysis UK wrist watch industry and send reposition strategies of TITAN order has been analysed and completed on the basis of secondary data. Internet, journals, books and magazines throw been used for this purpose.Project comprises conducting a questionnaire keep up. (function() var scribd = document.createElement(script) scribd.type = text/javascript scribd.async = professedly scribd.src = https//www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js var s = document.getElementsByTagName(script)0 s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s) )() Introduction1.1 Theory and conceptsA business has twain and only two basic functions marketing and foundation shaft DruckerTo maintain business relevance and market position, it is classic to ceaselessly innovate and invent brand trope in the market to pace with mixed bag and intense warring pressure in the marketplace.In this context, brand reposition and other revitalization strategies claim become a business unconditional for battling brand erosion. The appeal of brand reposition is further heightened by the rising costs and high lay on the line associated with launching a new brand. increase in the cost and high risk related with launching a new brand that is a part of brand reposition.B rand reposition has stock very importance in the marketing literature and mostly been do by as a variation of brand positioning.Reposition cornerstone be required as the market inter departs and new opportunities occur. In order to reach the customer which was never targeted at first off go off also be targeted with brand reposition. In order to change its image in the market it is important to focus towards brand reposition, although it is one of the toughest and hardest actions in marketing to reposition a familiar brand. concord to Solomon, position strategy is an essential part in the marketing efforts because companies have to use the elements in the marketing mess up to influence the customers discretion the position. There has to be several choices to be, so to as to be in more cute and relevant position. It is important for the person who is reposition for the reposition to know and understand why reposition is needful and its need, and if the offer is the one tha t will change or just the brand name. While move it is important to undertake and understand all the risk factors that is likely to affect it in the market.A company risks its credibility and currentness more while dislodge its brand in the market and the need for a thorough strategy is very important to avoid any occurrence. Some analyst argues that to successfully reposition a established brand name is almost impossible because repositioning of a brand can make the most loyal customer to switch brand. If the brand is gnaw then brand reposition becomes important.Numerous exertions to reposition brand in the market may fail which is testified by many company for exemplar while soft drink has successfully been able to connect with the early days though they exist for 40 years in the market but at the same Levis, jeans has been losing its market share to newcomers such(prenominal) as The open despite numerous campaigns designed to reposition the brand trend.1.2 Literature in spectionThe reposition strategy is defined into three stages that isIntroductoryElaboration strongholdThis involves the introduction of a new or a repositioned brand, seeking underscore the brands value over others, and to broaden the brand position. It is truly hard to change the customers perceived attitude towards a brand, and therefore the risk is great that the attempt to repositioning might fail.After rolling out the strategy, it is time to transform the proposition through update of the personality and through repositioning. There pros and cons with twain of this segments and it is great significance that they are truly calculate when deciding the next step in the process. To understand it more deeplyhttp//htmlimg4.scribdassets.com/55f3acalz4nfgla/images/10-81b5e3fa9c/000.jpgFigure 1 Stages in brand strategy development.When a company modifies or change something that is already there in the market established in the bear in mind of the customer that is called as repositi oning.Different profession and individuals have different inwardness and understanding towards Repositioning. There are a few(prenominal) different definitions and great understanding about this conceptRepositioning is a change, principally about triggering the vision, commission and value in a new education that is more suit f or the brand in the future- Brand manager consultant.Principally, reposition concerns changing the consumers perception of the brand PR consultant.Repositioning is built upon the change of unique and differentiated tie-ins with the brand in some kind of direction it is about having a balance surrounded by the category party and distinction when using reposition strategies (Leading Brand strategies)From these definitions, it is obvious that reposition is about travel something to more attractive and relevant position. Reposition direction is often contumacious as to what a company wants to achieve. There is also a evident relation between price a nd quantity aspects. When a company perceives the market as a demand curve, the purpose is to down stretch or upward curve. When moving up and there is a need for arrival the premium segment and expand up wards.Figure The principle of reposition.When stress towards a new position in the market, it is important to understand those consumers are limited. Peoples minds select what to remember and it is important to convince the consumers with greater arguments. The market everlastingly strive for change which is rapid and therefore repositioning can be necessary to meet these demands, newer and stronger arguments have to be established to convinced them to hinderance as loyal customers.As repositioning is a very mixed matter and therefore there are no detailed theories or shams. Aim for repositioning is different for different person, and the only connection between all the different theories is that repositioning is moving something from somewhere towards a greater position at t he market.Corstjens and Doyle (1989) identified three types of repositioning strategiesZero repositioning, which is not a repositioning at all since the firm maintains its initial strategy in the face of a changing environment.Gradual repositioning, where the firm performs incremental, continuous adjustments to its positioning strategy to reflect the evolution of its environment andRadical repositioning that corresponds to a discontinuous shift towards a new target market and /or a new competitive advantage.After learning the repositioning of several brands from the UK market, the following 8 types of repositioning have been identified. These are change magnitude relevance to the consumerIncreasing occasions for useMaking the brand weightyFalling gross revenueBringing in new customersMaking the rand coetaneousDifferentiate from other brandsChanged market conditionsA four phased brand repositioning approach can be followed to achieve the intend benfits-Phase I. find the current s tatus of the brandPhase II. What does the brand stand for today?Phase III. Developing the brand positioning platformsPhase IV. Refining the brand attitude and Management PresentationThe advantages that can be derived from brand repositioning exercises can be summarized asValue over othersUpdated personality germane(predicate) positionThe risks associated with such strategies areLoss of focusNeglecting original customersLosing credibility for the brandConfusing the brandTherefore, brand repositioning is more elusive than initially positioning a brand because one must first help the customer UNLEARN the current brand positioningThis can be done byCarefully crafted communicationNew products, promotional materialAssociations with other brands ( co- branding, co- marketing, ingredient branding, strategic alliances, etc) that reinforce the new brand positioning.This exercise is so critical to an organizations success that the organizations and its marketing/brand management draw shoul d develop it, preferably with the help and facilitation of an outside brand positioning expert. look Methodology2.1 ObjectivesTo study the current scenario of UK wrist watch industry.To review the brand positioning strategies of different sub-brands of watches.To analyze the brand repositioning strategies of watches.To study consumer sensation and perception about the brand repositioning strategies of watches.This study will help to understand the gap in its communication strategy regarding brand repositioning exercises and the further measures to be taken for effective marketing communications.2.2 LimitationsThe study is control to London area onlyThere is possibility of sampling errors in the studyThe responses of the consumers may not be genuineQuestionnaire may not be comprehensive2.3 Sources of Data CollectionThe relevant data was equanimous from both primary sources and secondary sources. The starting point of my information conference has been the secondary sources such as internet, books, and journals and so on.Firstly, brand positioning and repositioning strategies of titan, secondary sources such as internet, insurance magazines, and journals and so on. Then I conducted a consumer knowingness survey on brand repositioning strategies undertaken by Titan watches in recent times.2.4 SamplingTo conduct sampling of 50 loyal consumers of Titan and in the age group of 20 30 years for this study. Since Titan has taken up brand repositioning strategies since January 2011, consumers who have seen the previous and new campaigns have been targeted.2.5 Primary dataData was sedate through an interview schedule, consisting of both open ended and closed ended questions. It consisted of the parameters like reasons consumers brand preference, re assembling of earlier tagline and advertisement, brand ambassador of Titan awareness of new tagline and campaign featuring sportsmen and actors from International body and so on. The data was collected through e-mails, telephone contacts and one to one personal interviews.Industry OverviewUK Watch industryMarket report examines the UK jewellery and watches market, total sales of jewellery and watches in the UK fluctuated between 2004 and 2008, and fell by 2.8% in the latter(prenominal) year to finish the review period at 4.33 billion.The declining sales in 2008 can be largely attributed to the global economic downturn and UK recession, which have had a negative impact on nearly all industries.Initially, the sumptuosity end of the market was relatively unaffected by the downturn, but by the end of 2008 and 2009, it had begun to take effect.The jewellery and Watches market has become increasingly competitive in recent years. Although the industry has always been fragmented with a good range of suppliers and retailers, developments in online retailing have contributed to it becoming increasingly gauze-like for information on pricing and availability. This has been a positive trend, curiously for many smaller brands that previously were not able to deal directly with consumers. Some larger retailers, as well as a few independents, have also developed transactional sites to deal with this demand.With around a third of the UK cosmos owning a piece of precious jewellery and nearly in ten owning a watch, products have a high rate of consumer penetration.The downturn in the UK economy is unlikely to show reversal in 2009, and this will treat to affect all areas of consumer spending.It seems the concepts of a wrist watch have become that of a status symbol rather than a practical chronometer. According to a survey that suggest one in seven people in the UK has no need for watch, apart from as a sort accessory.Gadgets such as iPods, laptops and mobile phone, represent threat to the watch industry, survey conducted by Mintel.Even in the age of iPhones, people spend commodious amount of money on a quality time piece, with high-end brands such as Rolex and Tag Heuer adorning bli nged up wrist of rappers, bankers and fashionistas alike.http//www.wharf.co.uk/2010/11/why-wrist-watches-are-dialling.htmlSWOT abstract OF THE UK WATCH INDUSTRYStrengthsWatch industry is growing industry which smart rateAs the population is rising, the watch market is also expandingCustomers are not very price sensitive as far as quality watch is concernedWeaknessThere is not much advertising done by watch industryNo innovation in productsThere are few number of exclusive showrooms that reduces the consumers availableness to the productThere are few marketers, who are concentrated only upon a particular niche segment (Tag Heuer )OpportunitiesThere is more need of fashionable luxury watch and fine luxury watch brands that can be targeted in UK, as customers are more like trendsetter and fashionable.UK especially London is a metropolitan city which makes it more attractive for the new company.Youth are more brand conscious than their predecessors. That leads to the expansion of the market for branded watches.ThreatsThere are many foreign players entering in the raceToo many players will dilute the market and the earn margin.Mobile phones acting as substitutes of the watches.The Indian watch industry began in the year 1961 with the commissioning of the watch division of Titan. The first watch model manufacture by HMT was the Janata model in the year 1962. HMT was the leader in the watch market till the Tatas formed Titan watches in association with Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation in the year 1987. They took a major strategy decision, which later changed the face of the Indian watch market to manufacture only quartz watches. Liberalisation in 1992 and removal of numeric restrictions due to WTO has opened the doors for many the Indian market viz. Tissot, Swatch, Omega, Rado, TAGHeuer. The import duties on watches are falling which makes the Indian market look attractive for the global majors like Casio, Swatch and Citizen.Company ProfileOverviewT itan is the largest watch company in India and the sixth largest in the macrocosm. Titan manufactures over 7 million watches per annum and has a customer base over 65 million.An industry was established in 1984 as a joint venture between the Tata multitude and the Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation. The company brought the shift in the Indian watch market, offering quartz technology with International styling, manufactured in a state-of-the art factory at Hosur, Tamil Nadu. supplement its understanding of different segments in the watch market, the company launched a second independent watch brand Sonata, as a value brand to those seeking buy functionally styled watches at affordable prices. In sum it focused on the youth with its third brand fastrack.In two decades the company has built an impressive watch business to become Indias largest manufacturing business and the worlds sixth manufacturer of watches. This has mainly been achieved by developing a dangerous di stribution network. The company has amongst the worlds largest retail chain of exclusive retail showrooms for watches called The world of Titan spread over 100 towns.It also has multi brand outlets named sequence Zone, service centers and dealer outlets. Globally Titan has a presence in over 30 countries through its marketing subsidiaries.The company has watch aggregation plants at Dehradun (UP) and Baddi ( Himachal Pradesh) and a plant manufacturing electronic circuit boards in Goa.The majority stake in the company is held by the promoters, with Tidco having 28 percent of the shares and Tata Group companies owning 25 percent of the shares. Public holding in the company is around 28 per cent. The rest of the stake is held by foreign institutions, non resident Indians, correlative funds and other institutions.It has also premium fashion watches by acquiring a license for global brands such as Tommy Hilfiger and Hugo Boss, while. It has also in its portfolio its first Swiss Made w atch brand Xylys.1995, the company modify into jewellery under the brand Tanishq to capitalize on fragmented market operating with no brands in urban cities. In 2005, the launched its second Jewellery brand, GoldPlus, for capitalizing on the opportunity in small towns and rural India.The company has now diversified into fashion Eyewear by launching Fastrack Eye-Gear sunglasses, as well as Prescription Eyewear.TITAN WATCHES BRAND POSITIONING STRATEGIESOverall strategiesSince its introduction, Titan has been positioned as a premium brand, providing high quality products. Titan is struggling to have a strong brand image in UK market due to its numerous sub-brands that caters to different segments in India. It follows different positioning strategies these strategies can also be analyzed as given belowAttribute statusWhen the company launched its products, it was the first to bring quartz watches to Indian market. The company successfully leveraged this to penetrate the market. Raga , Classique and Regalia come under this strategy. Classique positioned as elegant corporate wear that leaves a quiet, but definite impression and fusion of function and sophistication. Regalia ranger represents the elegant-wear. Raga has been differentiate and positioned as exclusive watch. The Raga and Silver Raga collection is elegant, delicate and feminine with each piece truly unique.User PositioningTitan caters to several user groups children (the Dash), sportspersons and adventurers. The fastrack range is seen as being contemporary, reliable and sturdy. The advertising, packaging and merchandising of this range is young, cool and vibrant.Benefit PositioningTitan seeks to differentiate its offering on the basis of superior style and attractive force which is offered by fastrack Digital range.Competitors PositioningWith the entry of several foreign watchmakers into the market, Titan had to encounter the threat. Most the entrants are catering to the upper end of the market Om ega, Cartier etc.Quality or Price PositioningIn the overseas market, especially in Europe where it is competing with Swiss and Japanese watches, it is positioning itself as value-for-money (less than Swiss watches and higher than Japanese), attractively styled and of good quality.TITAN WATCHES BRAND RE-POSITIONING STRATEGIES FOR globalisationTitan has managed to get fair market in Middle easterly and Africa but its failure in Europe was a downturn for the Company as the return was not as good as investiture made for the expansion. Titan has decided to revamp its flagship watch brand in Europe mainly in UK. Titan wants to reposition it more immature and relevant to the changing times.Titan has entered the International markets in 1989 through the trade of watch movements. Titans first global footprint was placed in the UAE the largest market in the Middle East then it moved towards Egypt, Oman, Saudi Arabia and few markets in Africa. Though it faced strong competition, it reac hed the sales of 100,000 watches within a year of its launch. It started to move globally and moves towards Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Maldives and Nepal.After its extensive survey, it concluded that it ask good reason to stock the brand. Titan needs to re-position its brand image in the UK market. And so Titan decided to against soft option of hotheaded its globalization through private label exports. It would launch its product under its own brand with market positioning Therefore Titan found a massive advertising campaign to create brand awareness. It also participated in the fair which showcases the worlds biggest watch brand in the world.http//www.moodiereport.com/images/luxury_watch_tables_jan10_04.jpghttp//www.moodiereport.com/images/luxury_watch_tables_jan10_05.jpgCONCLUSIONThe suggestions to alter consumer awareness about brand repositioning strategy of Titan are as followsTo increase its visibility, Titan Company can sponsor events similar to fashion shows which all latest designs launched are displayed. This is important as it has a great effect on different segments of the customers in different ways.It is important to have Tie up with radio channels and television to commit and telecast its advertisement about various sales promotion from time to time.RD needs more investment as customer expectations are changing rapidly. It should focus more on introducing more varieties and luxury items in the market at regular interval.Introduce exclusive collection for working women which is more contemporary and complements any fashion styles.Tie up with international watch brands to make the product stronger in the market.To use internet to spread awareness among consumer about the brand. (function() var scribd = document.createElement(script) scribd.type = text/javascript scribd.async = true scribd.src = https//www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js var s = document.getElementsByTagName(script)0 s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s) )()